马丁·路德的《罗马书》序言

Martin Luther’s Preface to The Epistle to the Romans

马丁·路德的《罗马书》序言

（接上文）

(b) 罪  

至于“罪”（sin），圣经用这个词不仅指可见的外在行为，更是指外在行为的每个变化和诱因——发生在内心深处及所有力量。据此，“犯罪”（crime）一词表示一个人完全堕落并陷入罪中。因为除非一个人全身心投入其中，否则任何外在的罪恶行为都不会发生。圣经特别关注心灵，以及所有罪恶的根源和主要来源，那就是内心深处的不信。因此，单单靠信心就能称义，并获得圣灵和从事外在行为的意愿。因此，单单不信就会犯罪，并激发肉体和外在恶行的欲望，就像在乐园里的亚当和夏娃所作的那样（创 3:6，12）。为此，基督只称不信为罪，他在约翰福音 16:8, 9 中说：“圣灵必责备罪恶的世人，为罪是因为他们不信我。”因此，在行善或作恶（即善果或恶果）之前，心中首先必须有信或不信，后者是一切罪的根源、汁液和主要力量。因此，圣经中将它称之为蛇的头和古龙的头，按照对亚当的应许，它必须被女人的后裔基督打伤（创 3:15）。

(c) 恩典  

“恩典”（grace）和“恩赐”(gift)之间的区别是：恩典，该术语的正确意义是指神对我们的恩惠和美意，神将恩惠和美意珍藏在自己里面，并且基于此原因他愿意将基督和圣灵，连同圣灵的恩赐倾注给我们。在5:15中，圣保罗谈到“那因耶稣基督……神的恩典和恩典中的赏赐……”，现在，恩赐(the gifts)和圣灵(the Spirit)在我们里面天天加增，但还尚不完全；因此，邪恶的情欲和罪恶仍然存在于我们里面，它们与圣灵作战，正如罗马书 7：14, 23；加 5:17; 创 3:15 预言了女人的后裔和蛇的后裔之间彼此为敌。尽管如此，恩典却成就了如此多的事，使我们在神眼中被算为完整和完全的义。因为神的恩典不像恩赐那样是可分割的、零碎的，而是由于我们保惠师和中保基督的缘故，将我们完全接纳到神的恩宠之中，为此在我们里面开始有了恩赐。 

现在你会明白第七章，保罗仍然责备自己是罪人，然而他在第 8 章 1 节宣称“在基督耶稣里的人就不被定罪了”，尽管他们领受到的恩赐和圣灵尚未完美。我们仍然是罪人，因为我们里面的肉体还没有被治死。然而，我们既然信了基督，有了圣灵的开始，神就施恩惠与我们，不顾念我们的罪，也不定罪我们的罪，而是按照我们对基督的信心来对待我们，直到罪被消灭了。

(d) 信心  

“信心”不是某些人认为关于信仰和人类观念的梦想。 当他们看到随之而来的不是生活的改善，也不是善行，尽管他们能够听到和谈论很多信心，但他们这样说却犯了错误：“信心是不够的； 如果我们想变得敬虔并得救，就必须行善”。 原因是，当他们听到福音时，他们就去行善，并凭自己的力量在心里形成一个想法：我相信。 他们认为这是真正的信仰。 但是，由于它是人类的虚构和思想——内心深处无法感知，所以它一事无成，也不会带来任何改进。

相反，信心是在我们里面神的工作，它改变我们，使我们从神那里获得新生（约1:13），信心治死了老亚当，使我们在心灵、情感、思想和行为上和所有能力综合起来，成为新造的人，信心将圣灵带入新造的人。哦，这种信仰是一种活生生的、充满活力的、活跃的、强大的东西。它只能不断地行善。没有问否要做善事，但在问问题之前，善行已经行出来了，而且是持续不断的。但任何不行善的人都是没有信心的。他在黑暗中摸索，寻找信心和善行，他既不知道什么是信心，也不知道什么是善行，尽管他对信心和善行有很多胡言乱语。

信心是对神恩典的一种活生生的、大胆的信心，它敢于冒着千次死亡的确据。 这种对神圣恩典的信心和认识使人在与上帝和所有受造物的关系中感到快乐、勇敢和充满喜乐。 圣灵正在信徒里面做这事。 因此，一个人不受约束，愿意并热情地为每个人行善，为每个人服侍，承受各种苦难，出于对神的爱和对向他施予如此恩典的神的赞美。 因此，行为与信心是不可能分开的，就像不可能将燃烧和发光的能力与火分开一样。 因此，要提防你自己的错误思想和空谈者，他们假装有伟大的智慧来辨别信仰和善行，但实际上是最大的愚者。 祈求上帝，让他在你里面创造信心； 否则你将永远没有信心，是的，无论你计划什么、做什么。

（未完待续）

Martin Luther’s Preface to The Epistle to the Romans

（continue from above）

(b) Sin  

As regards ‘sin,’ by this term Scripture denominates not only the external work of the body, but every movement and incitement to some external work that takes place in the inmost heart and all its powers. The term ‘commit,’ accordingly, denotes that a person falls completely and rushes into sin. For no external sinful work is done except a person rushes into it with his whole body and soul. Scripture takes particular notice of the heart and of the root and main source of all sins, which is unbelief in the inmost heart. Accordingly, even as faith alone justifies and obtains the Spirit and willingness for good external works, so unbelief alone sins and rouses the flesh and the desire for evil external works, as happened to Adam and Eve in paradise. Gen. 3:6. 12. For this reason Christ calls only unbelief sin, when He says, John 16:8, 9: ‘The Spirit will reprove the world of sin because they believe not on me.’ Hence, before good or evil works are done (which are good or evil fruits), there must first be in the heart faith or unbelief, the latter being the root, sap, and main strength of every sin. For this reason it is called in Scripture the serpent’s head and the head of the old dragon, which, in accordance with the promise made to Adam, must be bruised by Christ, the woman’s Seed. Gen. 3:15.

(c) Grace  

The difference between ‘grace’ and ‘gift’ is this: Grace, in the proper sense of the term, denotes God’s favour and good will towards us, which He cherishes in Himself, and by reason of which He is inclined to pour into us Christ and the Spirit with His gifts. This is manifest from chap. 5:15, where St. Paul speaks of ‘the grace of God and the gift of grace, which is by . . . Jesus Christ.’ Now, the gifts and the Spirit are increased in us daily and are not yet perfect; hence evil lusts and sins still remain in us, which war against the Spirit, as is stated Rom. 7:14f. 23; Gal. 5:17; Gen. 3:15, where enmity between the woman’s Seed and the seed of the serpent is predicted. Notwithstanding this, grace accomplishes so much that we are accounted completely and fully righteous in the sight of God. For the grace of God is not divisible and piecemeal as the gifts are, but receives us altogether into God’s favour for the sake of our Advocate and Mediator Christ, and for the reason that there is in us a beginning of the gifts.

Now you will understand the seventh chapter, where Paul still chides himself a sinner, and nevertheless, in chap 8:1, declares that there is no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, because of the imperfect gifts and the Spirit. We are still sinners because of the flesh in us that has not yet been mortified. However, since we believe in Christ and have the beginning of the Spirit, God is favourably inclined and gracious to us, so much so that He will not regard nor condemn our sins, but deal with us in accordance with our faith in Christ, until sin is slain.

(d) Faith  

‘Faith’ is not the human notion and dream which some regard as faith. When they see that it is not followed by an improvement of life nor by good works, while they are, nevertheless, able to hear and talk much of faith, they fall into the error of saying: Faith is not sufficient; we must do works if we want to become godly and be saved. The reason is because, when hearing the Gospel, they go to work and by their own power frame up a thought in their heart which says: I believe. That they regard as genuine faith. But, inasmuch as it is a human figment and thought of which the inmost heart is not sensible, it accomplishes nothing and is not accompanied by any improvement.

On the contrary, faith is a divine work in us, which transforms us, gives us a new birth out of God, John 1:13, slays the old Adam, makes us altogether different men in heart, affections, mind, and all powers, and brings with it the Holy Spirit. Oh, it is a living, energetic, active, mighty thing, this faith. It cannot but do good unceas-ingly. There is no question asked whether good works are to be done, but before the question is asked the works have been done, and there is a continuous doing of them. But any person not doing such works is without faith. He is groping in the dark, looking for faith and good works, and knows neither what faith is nor what good works are, although he indulges in a lot of twaddle and flummery concerning faith and good works.

Faith is a living, daring confidence in the grace of God, of such assurance that it would risk a thousand deaths. This confidence and knowledge of divine grace makes a person happy, bold, and full of gladness in his relation to God and all creatures. The Holy Ghost is doing this in the believer. Hence it is that a person, without constraint, becomes willing and enthusiastic to do good to everybody, to serve everybody, to suffer all manner of afflictions, from love of God and to the praise of Him who has extended such grace to him. Accordingly, it is impossible to separate works from faith, just as impossible as it is to separate the power to burn and shine from fire. Accordingly, beware of your own false thoughts and of idle talkers, who pretend great wisdom for discerning faith and good works and yet are the greatest fools. Pray God that He may create faith in you; otherwise you will be without faith for ever and aye, no matter what you may plan and do.

(to be continued)

马丁·路德的《罗马书》序言

  此英文译本取自阿德莱德路德出版社 1966 年出版的版本。该版本于 1995 年首次由澳大利亚科罗曼德东New Creation Publications Inc. 出版 。1997 年、1998 年、2001 年、2003 年重印。

前  言

         马丁·路德逝世已近 450 年，但他的著作仍然对我们说话。他在耶稣基督里被上帝的恩典唤醒，他的复兴的影响很快传遍了整个德国。他对唯独因信称义的见证继续在世界各地传播。由于渴望良心自由，别人建议路德自己阅读圣经。他这样做了，并且也讲授了圣经。公元 1515 年，他讲授《罗马书》，并在接下来的两年里讲授《加拉太书》。在这个时期的某个时候，“义人必因信得生”这句话给他带来了个人的确据，他确信自己——仅凭信心已被上帝所接纳。他写道：“我感觉自己重生了，我走进了天堂的大门”。 1521 年，他在沃尔姆斯的一个教会法庭上陈述他的信仰。正是在这里，他发表了现在著名的声明：“这是我的立场”、“我别无选择”。人们对他颁布了一项法令，为了“安全保管”，他被朋友偷偷带到瓦尔特堡城堡，并伪装成骑士并隐姓埋名，在那里待了九个月。在此期间，他将整本新约圣经从希腊语翻译成德语。他还为每本书写了简短的摘要或序言——类似于拉丁武加大译本圣经（Vulgate Bible）。这本《路德圣经》及其序言都是用大众化的语言写成的。

         他为《罗马书》写的序言比其他人都长。它包含整封信的摘要及其教义的概要。其主要术语已定义且相互关联。更具体地说，它传达了保罗写给罗马人的信中显而易见的福音的喜乐和力量。路德这样评价罗马书：“越是全面研读，它就变得越宝贵，并且它的味道就越甘甜” 。

          这份序言在其历史上产生了广泛而深刻的影响。最著名的事件关于约翰·卫斯理 (John Wesley)在1738 年，当他听到这篇序言被宣读时，他发现自己的心“异常温暖”。他悔改了，世界再次感受到了上帝宽恕的力量。

          愿这本小册子鼓励许多人阅读保罗的书信，特别是认识神恩典的真理。

格兰特·索普 1995 年 7 月

马丁·路德的罗马书序言的序言

这封书信实际上是新约圣经的主要部分，也是最纯粹的福音。对于基督徒来说，不仅要逐字逐句地背诵它，而且要每天学习它，因为它是灵魂的每日食粮。它永远不会被读得或默想得太多和太好。越是全面研读它，它就变得越宝贵，并且它的味道就越甘甜。

因此，我也将提供我的服侍，并凭借上帝赋予我的能力，通过这篇序言准备一份介绍，以便每个人都能更好地理解它。因为迄今为止，它已被注释和各种废话所蒙蔽，而它本身却是一道闪亮的光，足以照亮整本圣经。

第一部分  解释这封信中所用的术语

首先，我们必须熟悉语言的问题，并理解保罗所说的这些词的含义：律法、罪、恩典、信心、公义、肉体、圣灵，以及相似词汇；否则，我们读这封书信就没有任何益处。

  (a) 律法

至于这封书信中的“律法”一词，你不可按照人的方式来理解它，因为它指的是一种教义，告诉我们什么是我们必须做的，什么是我们不可以做的。这就是人类法律的意义，当我们做所吩咐的工作时，我们必须遵守这些法律，尽管我们的心可能无份。神根据我们内心的情况作出判决。因此，他的律法对我们内心提出了要求，并且它不满足于仅仅的行为，而是将所有与我们内心无份的行为都视为伪善和谎言。因此，所有的人都被称为说谎者（诗篇 116:11），因为他们没有一个人从内心深处遵守、也不能遵守上帝的律法。每个人都会发现自己厌恶善而渴望恶。如果没有对善的无限制的渴望，内心深处就不会依附于上帝的律法。在这种情况下，虽然对于肤浅的观察者来说，可能会出现许多善行和正直的生活，但肯定也有罪和应得的上帝愤怒。

因此，保罗在2 ：12、13 中得出结论，犹太人都是罪人，并说只有遵行律法的人才在神面前称义。他的意思是说，没有人是一个靠行为的遵守律法者。他是这样对他们说（第 22 节）：“你说人不可奸淫，自己还奸淫吗；”同样，第 1 节：“你在什么事上论断人，就在什么事上定自己的罪；因你这论断人的，却作同样的事”。他仿佛是在说：在公开场合，你们在遵纪守法中过着美好的生活，而你们却在对那些没有过着这样生活的人做出论断。你知道如何教导每个人；你只看见你弟兄眼中有刺，却不想自己眼中有梁木（太 7:3）。

律法要求心甘情愿地服从

因为，尽管你出于对惩罚的恐惧或对奖赏的喜爱，表面上通过自己的行为遵守了律法，但你所做的一切仍然没有自由的愿望和对律法的热爱，而是带着厌恶和约束。如果没有法律，你宁愿不这样做。由此可见，在你内心深处，你是律法的敌人。你教导别人不要偷窃——当你内心本身就是一个小偷，并且如果你敢的话，很乐意公开成为一个小偷，这意味着什么呢？从长远来看，甚至连明显的（违反律法）的行为，也不会被这些伪君子忽略。因此，你在教别人，而不是你自己；你也不知道你在教什么。你们还没有正确理解律法。事实上，除此之外，正如他所说的：“律法还加增了罪恶“（5：20），因为律法对人提出的要求越多，人对律法的敌意就越强烈，而他却无法满足这些要求。

律法是属灵的

因此他说，7:14：“律法是属乎灵的。”这意味着什么？如果律法是属于物质的事情，那么它的要求就可以通过行为来满足。但既然它是属灵的，那么除了发自内心的所做的一切之外，没有人能够满足它的要求。但这样的一颗心，除了圣灵之外，没有人能够赐予；这颗心使人们认同律法，使他们发自内心地热爱律法，从此以后做一切事，不是出于恐惧或约束，而是出于自愿。这样一来，律法是属灵的：它想要从一颗属灵的心被爱和被实现，并且律法要求这样的灵。如果圣灵不在心里，罪恶、厌恶和对律法的敌意就会存在心里，律法本身是良善、公义和圣洁的。

那么，你必须习惯这种说话方式，即“做律法中所包含的事情”与“成全律法”完全是另一回事。律法所包含的事物是人根据其自由意志和自然力量所做的或能够做的所有事情。然而，当一个人参与这样的工作时，他的内心仍然存在着对律法的厌恶和束缚，他无法摆脱法律的束缚。因此，所有这些工作都是纯粹的浪费和无用。这就是保罗所说的3:20：“凡有血气的，没有一个因行律法能在神面前称义。”由此可见，大学里的争论者和诡辩家在教导人们通过行为为恩典做好准备时，都是错误的向导。当一个人心里不厌恶、不喜欢任何工作时，他如何能通过工作为自己做好准备呢？这样一颗不甘心、悖逆的心所做出的工作，神怎能喜悦呢？

只有通过信心才能实现

然而，遵行律法意味着带着喜乐和爱心去做律法的事，自由地过敬虔美好的生活，不受律法的约束，就好像有律法一样。 没有法律，也没有惩罚。然而，这种不受约束的爱的喜悦是由圣灵灌输在心中的，正如圣保罗在5:5所说的那样。但是，正如他在导言中所说，圣灵只有在耶稣基督里、凭着对耶稣基督的信心才能赐下。因此，除了上帝的道或福音之外，没有任何信心。信心宣告基督，即他是上帝和人的儿子，他为我们的缘故死而复活，正如他在3:25、4:25、10:9和10节中所说的那样。这就是为什么唯有信心才能称义并成全律法，因为它从基督的功劳中得到圣灵。然而，圣灵创造了一颗愿意且不受约束的心，正如律法所要求的那样；那么善行就直接源于信心。这就是他（使徒）在3：31节的意思。在他拒绝律法的行为之后，可能会让人认为他打算通过信心废除律法。 “不，”他说，“我们通过信仰建立法律”，也就是说，我们通过信心成全它。

（未完待续）

Martin Luther’s Preface to The Epistle to the Romans

This English translation is taken from the edition produced by Lutheran Publishing House, Adelaide, 1966. This edition first published 1995 by New Creation Publications Inc., Coromandel East, South Australia Reprinted 1997, 1998, 2001, 2003. 

Foreword

Martin Luther died nearly 450 years ago but his writing still speaks to us. He was awakened to the grace of God in Jesus Christ, and the effects of his renewal quickly spread through Germany. His testimony to justification through faith alone continues to spread around the world. In his longing for freedom of conscience, Luther was advised to read the Scriptures for himself. He did this, and lectured on it also. During A.D. 1515 he lectured on Romans, and, in the next two years, on Galatians. Somewhere in this time the passage, ‘The just shall live by faith’ brought personal assurance to him that he was accepted by God—through faith alone. He wrote: ‘I felt myself to be reborn and to have gone through open doors into paradise’. By 1521 he was before an ecclesiastical court in Worms, to give an account of his beliefs. It was here that he made his now famous statement: ‘Here I stand! I cannot do otherwise’. An edict was pronounced against him, and, for ‘safe keeping’, he was spirited away by friends to Wartburg Castle where he stayed—disguised as a knight and under an assumed name—for nine months. During this time he translated the entire New Testament from Greek to German. He also wrote brief summaries, or prefaces, to each book—similar to the Vulgate Bible. This ‘Luther Bible’, and its Prefaces, were phrased in the language of the common people.

The Preface which he wrote for Romans is longer than the others. It contains a summary of the whole letter and an outline of its doctrine. Its main terms are defined and related to each other. More particularly, it conveys the joy and power of the gospel so evident in Paul’s Letter to the Romans. Luther said about Romans: ‘The more thoroughly it is treated, the more precious it becomes, and the better it tastes’. 

This small document has had a wide and deep influence through its history. The best known incident concerns John Wesley, who, in 1738, found his heart ‘strangely warmed’ as he listened to this Preface being read. He was converted, and again, the world felt the power of God’s forgiveness. 

May this booklet encourage many to read Paul’s letter and, particularly, to know the truth of God’s grace. 

Grant Thorpe July 1995

Martin Luther’s Preface to the Epistle to the Romans Preface

This epistle is in truth the chief part of the New Testament and the purest Gospel. It would be quite proper for a Christian, not only to know it by heart word for word, but also to study it daily, for it is the soul’s daily bread. It can never be read or meditated too much and too well. The more thoroughly it is treated, the more precious it becomes, and the better it tastes. 

Accordingly, I, too, shall offer my service and with the ability God has granted me prepare an introduction to it by this preface in order that it may be better understood by everybody. For heretofore it has been miserably darkened by glosses and all sorts of twaddle, while in itself it is a shining light, quite sufficient to illumine the whole Scriptures. 

Part I. Explanation of Terms Used in This Epistle

In the first place, we must acquaint ourselves with matters of language and understand what Paul means by these words: law, sin, grace, faith, righteousness, flesh, Spirit, and similar terms; otherwise we shall derive no benefit from reading this epistle.

(a) Law

As regards the term ‘law’ in this epistle, you must not understand it after the fashion of men, as denoting a doctrine that shows us what works we must, and what works we must not, do. That is the meaning of human laws, with which we comply when we do the works commanded, though our heart may have no share in them. God frames His verdict in accordance with the condition of our inmost heart. His law, accordingly, makes demands upon our inmost heart, and is not satisfied with mere works, but brands as hypocrisy and lies all works in which our inmost heart has no share. For this reason all men are called liars, Psalm 116:11, because no one of them keeps, nor can keep, the Law of God from his inmost heart; everyone discovers in himself aversion to what is good and a desire for what is evil. Now, where there is no unconstrained desire for what is good, the inmost heart is not attached to the Law of God. In such a case there is surely also sin and merited wrath of God, although to a superficial observer there may appear many good works and an upright life. 

Hence Paul concludes, chapter 2:12, 13, that the Jews are all sinners, and says that only the doers of the Law are justified in the sight of God. He means to say that no one is a doer of the Law by works. This is the way he speaks to them, v. 22: ‘Thou sayest a man should not commit adultery, and thou committest adultery;’ likewise v. 1: ‘Wherein thou judgest another thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.’ As though he were to say: In public you are leading a good life in the works of the Law, and you are passing judgement on those who are not leading such a life. You know how to teach everybody; you behold the mote that is in your brother’s eye, but do not consider the beam that is in your own eye. Matt. 7:3. 

The Law Demands Willing Obedience

For although you keep the Law outwardly by your works, from fear of punishment or love of reward, still you do everything without a free desire and love of the Law, with loathing and under restraint. You would rather do otherwise if there were no Law. It follows, then, that in your inmost heart you are an enemy of the Law. Your teaching others not to steal—what does it amount to when at heart you are a thief yourself, and would gladly be one publicly if you dared? In the long run even the manifest work (against the Law) is not omitted by these hypocrites. Thus you are teaching others, but not yourself; nor do you know what you are teaching. You have never yet correctly understood the Law. In fact, in addition to this the Law increases sin, as he says, chap. 5:20, because man’s enmity against the Law becomes greater in proportion as the Law makes demands upon him, none of which he can fulfil. 

The Law Is Spiritual

Therefore he says, chap. 7:14: ‘The Law is spiritual.’ What does that mean? If the Law were an affair for the body its demands could be met by works. But since it is spiritual, no one can satisfy its demands except by doing all that he does from the inmost heart. But such a heart is bestowed by no one except the Spirit of God; He makes men to agree with the Law, causing them to conceive a love of the Law from the heart and henceforth to do all, not from fear or constraint, but from a willing heart. In that way the Law is spiritual: it wants to be loved and fulfilled from a spiritual heart and requires such a spirit. If He is not in the heart, there abide in the heart sin, loathing, and enmity against the Law, which in itself is good, just, and holy. 

You must become used, then, to this mode of speech, viz., that ‘doing the things contained in the Law’ is quite another thing than ‘fulfilling the Law.’ The things contained in the Law are all those things which man does, or is able to do, in relation to the Law of his free will and by his natural powers. However, while a person is engaged in such works there remains in his heart a loathing of the Law and a constraint; for this reason all these works are sheer waste and useless. That is what Paul means when he says, chap. 3:20: ‘By the deed of the Law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight.’ From this you see that the wranglers at the universities and the sophists are false guides when they teach men to prepare themselves for grace by works. How can a person prepare himself for what is good by works when he does no work without loathing and a dislike in his heart? How can God be pleased with a work that proceeds from such an unwilling and rebellious heart?

Fulfilment Possible Only Through Faith

However, fulfilling the Law means to do its works with delight and from love, and to lead a godly and good life freely, without the Law’s constraint, just as if there were no Law and no punishment. Such a delight of unconstrained love, however, is instilled in the heart by the Holy Spirit, as St. Paul says, chap. 5:5. But, as he says in his introductory remarks, the Spirit is not given except in, with, and by faith in Jesus Christ. Hence there is no faith except by the Word of God, or the Gospel, which proclaims Christ, namely, that He is the Son of God and man, that He died and rose again for our sakes, as he states, chap. 3:25; 4:25; 10:9. 10. That is the reason why faith alone justifies and fulfils the Law, for it fetches the Spirit from Christ’s merit. The Spirit, however, creates a willing and unconstrained heart, such as the Law requires; and then good works spring directly from faith. That is what he (the apostle) means in chap. 3:31, after he has rejected the works of the Law in terms that might lead one to think he meant to make void the Law through faith. ‘Nay,’ he says, ‘we establish the Law through faith,’ that is, we fulfil it by faith.                                     

(To be continued)

2024年教会暑期圣经学校